Flutter 请求网络的三种方式
flutter 请求网络的方式有三种,分别是 Dart 原生的网络请求 HttpClient、第三方网络请求 http以及 Flutter 中的 Dio。我们可以比较一下这三种网络请求方式,然后封装为我们方便请求网络的工具类。
Dart 原生的网络请求 HttpClient
实现 Dart 获取网络数据的请求,一般我们需要以下几个步骤:
step 1: 原生的网络请求时不需要修改 pubspec.yaml 文件的,我们只需要在使用的地方引入所需包就可以了
import 'dart:convert';
import 'dart:io';
step 2:创建一个HttpClient
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
step 3: 打开Http连接,设置请求头
HttpClientRequest request = await httpClient.getUrl(uri);
在这一步中,我们可以设置人意的的请求方法,比如 Get 请求、Post 请求、Delete 请求。
例如:携带参数的请求
Uri uri=Uri(scheme: "https", host: "flutterchina.club", queryParameters: {
"userName":"chen",
"password":"123456"
});
例如:设置请求的 header
request.headers.add("user-agent", "test");
request.headers.add("Authorization", "LKSJDLFJSDLKJSLKklsdj");
step 4: 等待连接服务器
HttpClientResponse response = await request.close();
step 5: 读取响应内容
if (response.statusCode == HttpStatus.ok) {
_content = await response.transform(Utf8Decoder()).join();
}
step 6: 断开连接
httpClient.close();
以上的步骤是 dart 简单获取网络的方式,我们从上面可以看到,通过 HttpClient 发起网络请求时比较麻烦的,很多都要我们亲手处理,还有 Cookie 的管理也是比较麻烦的。
库 http step
1:pubspec.yaml 添加依赖
http: '>=0.11.3+12'
step 2: 在使用的地方导包
import 'package:http/http.dart' as http;
step 3: 发起请求
Get 请求
void getRequest() async {
var client = http.Client();
http.Response response = await client.get(url_2);
_content = response.body;
}
Post 请求
void postRequest() async {
var params = Map<String, String>();
params["username"] = "hellonews";
params["password"] = "123456";
var client = http.Client();
var response = await client.post(url_post, body: params);
_content = response.body;
}
相对比 Dart 原生的网络请求,第三方库 http 的网络请求方式是要方便好多,写起来也是挺爽的。
Flutter 发布的 dio
Dio 一个强大的 Dart Http 请求库,支持 Restful API、FormData、拦截器、请求取消、Cookie管理、文件上传/下载、超时等...
step 1:pubspec.yaml 添加依赖
dependencies:
dio: ^1.0.9
step 2:导入引用包
import 'package:dio/dio.dart';
step 3:发起网络请求
Get 请求
void getRequest() async {
Dio dio = new Dio();
var response = await dio.get("/test?id=12&name=chen");
_content = response.data.toString();
}
对于 query 参数,我们可以通过对象来进行传递,上面的代码等同于:
void getRequest() async {
Dio dio = new Dio();
var response = await dio.get("/test",data:{"id":12,"name":"chen"});
_content = response.data.toString();
}
Post 请求
void postRequest() async {
var dio = new Dio();
var response = await dio.post(url_post, data:{"id":12,"name":"wendu"});
_content = response.data.toString();
}
Dio 网络请求框架封装
日志信息拦截
Dio 和 okhttp 一样,都会有一个请求拦截器和响应拦截器,通过拦截器,我们可以在请求之前或响应之后做一些同意的预处理。例如我们发起请求前查看我们请求的参数和头部,响应的时候,我们可以查看返回来的数据。
Dio dio = new Dio();
// 添加拦截器
if (Config.DEBUG) {
dio.interceptors.add(InterceptorsWrapper(
onRequest: (RequestOptions options){
print("\n================== 请求数据 ==========================");
print("url = ${options.uri.toString()}");
print("headers = ${options.headers}");
print("params = ${options.data}");
},
onResponse: (Response response){
print("\n================== 响应数据 ==========================");
print("code = ${response.statusCode}");
print("data = ${response.data}");
print("\n");
},
onError: (DioError e){
print("\n================== 错误响应数据 ======================");
print("type = ${e.type}");
print("message = ${e.message}");
print("stackTrace = ${e.stackTrace}");
print("\n");
}
));
}
如果我们想要移除拦截器,那么我们可以将其设置为 null
dio.interceptor.request.onSend=null;
dio.interceptor.response.onSuccess=null;
dio.interceptor.response.onError=null;
token 添加
// 头部添加 token 验证
headers["Authorization"] = "token lskjdlklsjkdklsjd333";
option.headers = headers;
///超时
option.connectTimeout = 15000;
try {
Response response = await dio.request(url, data: params, options: option);
} on DioError catch (e) {
// 请求错误处理
}
自动生成 dart 的 json 实体类插件 FlutterJsonBeanFactory
在 Android 开发中,有 GsonFormat 这个插件来讲 json 数据自动转化成 Bean;那么在 Flutter 中也有类似的插件可以生产序列化的实体类的插件:FlutterJsonBeanFactory
step 1:下载插件 FlutterJsonBeanFactory,安装完成后重启
Setting -> Plugins -> Browse Respositories 中搜索 FlutterJsonBeanFactory
step 2:创建实体类,在指定目录下:
New -> dart bean class File from JSON
step 3:输入实体类名及 json 格式的数据
step 4:最后生成的实体类:LoginEntity
class LoginEntity {
String easemobpassword;
String username;
LoginEntity({this.easemobpassword, this.username});
LoginEntity.fromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) {
easemobpassword = json['easemobPassword'];
username = json['username'];
}
Map<String, dynamic> toJson() {
final Map<String, dynamic> data = new Map<String, dynamic>();
data['easemobPassword'] = this.easemobpassword;
data['username'] = this.username;
return data;
}
}
请求错误处理
Response response;
try {
response = await dio.request(url, data: params, options: option);
} on DioError catch (e) {
// 请求错误处理
Response errorResponse;
if (e.response != null) {
errorResponse = e.response;
} else {
errorResponse = new Response(statusCode: 666);
}
if (e.type == DioErrorType.CONNECT_TIMEOUT) {
errorResponse.statusCode = Code.NETWORK_TIMEOUT;
}
if (Config.DEBUG) {
print('请求异常: ' + e.toString());
print('请求异常 url: ' + url);
}
return new ResultData(Code.errorHandleFunction(errorResponse.statusCode, e.message, noTip), false, errorResponse.statusCode);
}
其中 ResultData 是网络结果处理的实体类
/**
* 网络结果数据
* Created by chenjianrun
* Date: 2018-07-16
*/
class ResultData {
var data;
bool result;
int code;
var headers;
ResultData(this.data, this.result, this.code, {this.headers});
}
Code 是处理网络错误的编码,并将错误结果通过 eventbus 发送出去,一般我们可以在 main_pager 中注册监听这个事件。
///网络请求错误编码
class Code {
///网络错误
static const NETWORK_ERROR = -1;
///网络超时
static const NETWORK_TIMEOUT = -2;
///网络返回数据格式化一次
static const NETWORK_JSON_EXCEPTION = -3;
static const SUCCESS = 200;
static final EventBus eventBus = new EventBus();
static errorHandleFunction(code, message, noTip) {
if(noTip) {
return message;
}
eventBus.fire(new HttpErrorEvent(code, message));
return message;
}
}
完成的网络请求类:HttpRequest
import 'dart:io';
import 'package:dio/dio.dart';
import 'package:private_tutor/common/SpUtils.dart';
import 'package:connectivity/connectivity.dart';
import 'dart:collection';
import 'package:private_tutor/common/config/Config.dart';
import 'package:private_tutor/net/ResultCode.dart';
import 'package:private_tutor/net/ResultData.dart';
///http请求管理类,可单独抽取出来
class HttpRequest {
static String _baseUrl;
static const CONTENT_TYPE_JSON = "application/json";
static const CONTENT_TYPE_FORM = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
static Map optionParams = {
"timeoutMs": 15000,
"token": null,
"authorizationCode": null,
};
static setBaseUrl(String baseUrl){
_baseUrl = baseUrl;
}
static get(url,param) async{
return await request(_baseUrl+url, param, null, new Options(method:"GET"));
}
static post(url,param) async{
return await request(_baseUrl+url, param, {"Accept": 'application/vnd.github.VERSION.full+json'}, new Options(method: 'POST'));
}
static delete(url,param) async{
return await request(_baseUrl+url, param, null, new Options(method: 'DELETE'));
}
static put(url,param) async{
return await request(_baseUrl+url, param, null, new Options(method: "PUT", contentType: ContentType.text));
}
///发起网络请求
///[ url] 请求url
///[ params] 请求参数
///[ header] 外加头
///[ option] 配置
static request(url, params, Map<String, String> header, Options option, {noTip = false}) async {
//没有网络
var connectivityResult = await (new Connectivity().checkConnectivity());
if (connectivityResult == ConnectivityResult.none) {
return new ResultData(Code.errorHandleFunction(Code.NETWORK_ERROR, "", noTip), false, Code.NETWORK_ERROR);
}
Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap();
if (header != null) {
headers.addAll(header);
}
//授权码
if (optionParams["authorizationCode"] == null) {
var authorizationCode = await getAuthorization();
if (authorizationCode != null) {
optionParams["authorizationCode"] = authorizationCode;
}
}
headers["Authorization"] = optionParams["authorizationCode"];
// 设置 baseUrl
if (option != null) {
option.headers = headers;
} else{
option = new Options(method: "get");
option.headers = headers;
}
///超时
option.connectTimeout = 15000;
Dio dio = new Dio();
// 添加拦截器
if (Config.DEBUG) {
dio.interceptors.add(InterceptorsWrapper(
onRequest: (RequestOptions options){
print("\n================== 请求数据 ==========================");
print("url = ${options.uri.toString()}");
print("headers = ${options.headers}");
print("params = ${options.data}");
},
onResponse: (Response response){
print("\n================== 响应数据 ==========================");
print("code = ${response.statusCode}");
print("data = ${response.data}");
print("\n");
},
onError: (DioError e){
print("\n================== 错误响应数据 ======================");
print("type = ${e.type}");
print("message = ${e.message}");
print("stackTrace = ${e.stackTrace}");
print("\n");
}
));
}
Response response;
try {
response = await dio.request(url, data: params, options: option);
} on DioError catch (e) {
// 请求错误处理
Response errorResponse;
if (e.response != null) {
errorResponse = e.response;
} else {
errorResponse = new Response(statusCode: 666);
}
if (e.type == DioErrorType.CONNECT_TIMEOUT) {
errorResponse.statusCode = Code.NETWORK_TIMEOUT;
}
if (Config.DEBUG) {
print('请求异常: ' + e.toString());
print('请求异常 url: ' + url);
}
return new ResultData(Code.errorHandleFunction(errorResponse.statusCode, e.message, noTip), false, errorResponse.statusCode);
}
try {
if (option.contentType != null && option.contentType.primaryType == "text") {
return new ResultData(response.data, true, Code.SUCCESS);
} else {
var responseJson = response.data;
if (response.statusCode == 201 && responseJson["token"] != null) {
optionParams["authorizationCode"] = 'token ' + responseJson["token"];
await SpUtils.save(Config.TOKEN_KEY, optionParams["authorizationCode"]);
}
}
if (response.statusCode == 200 || response.statusCode == 201) {
return ResultData(response.data, true, Code.SUCCESS, headers: response.headers);
}
} catch (e) {
print(e.toString() + url);
return ResultData(response.data, false, response.statusCode, headers: response.headers);
}
return new ResultData(Code.errorHandleFunction(response.statusCode, "", noTip), false, response.statusCode);
}
///清除授权
static clearAuthorization() {
optionParams["authorizationCode"] = null;
SpUtils.remove(Config.TOKEN_KEY);
}
///获取授权token
static getAuthorization() async {
String token = await SpUtils.get(Config.TOKEN_KEY);
if (token == null) {
String basic = await SpUtils.get(Config.USER_BASIC_CODE);
if (basic == null) {
//提示输入账号密码
} else {
//通过 basic 去获取token,获取到设置,返回token
return "Basic $basic";
}
} else {
optionParams["authorizationCode"] = token;
return token;
}
}
}
使用示例
/// 登录 model
class LoginModel{
// 手机号码登录
static phoneLogin(String phone,String verifyCode) async{
ResultData response = await HttpRequest.post(Address.phoneLogin, {"phoneNum" : phone,"captcha":verifyCode});
if(response != null && response.result){
PhoneLoginEntity phoneLoginEntity = PhoneLoginEntity.fromJson(json.decode(response.data));
return new DataResult(phoneLoginEntity, true);
}else{
return new DataResult(null, false);
}
}
// 获取验证码
static getVerifyCode(String phone) async{
ResultData response = await HttpRequest.get("${Address.getVerifyCode}?phone=${phone}", null);
// var response = await HttpRequest.get(Address.getVerifyCode, {"phone":phone});
if(response != null && response.result){
VerifyCodeEntity entity = VerifyCodeEntity.fromJson(response.data);
return new DataResult(entity, true);
}else{
return new DataResult(null, false);
}
}
}
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持得得之家。