问题描述
我正在使用multiprocessing
模块(Python3.8)中的Pipe
和Process
。我的初始程序如下所示:
from multiprocessing import Process, Pipe
class Process1(object):
def __init__(self, pipe_out):
self.pipe_out = pipe_out
self.run()
def run(self):
try:
while True:
print("Sending message to process 2")
self.pipe_out.send(["hello"])
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass
class Process2(object):
def __init__(self, pipe_in):
self.pipe_in = pipe_in
self.run()
def run(self):
try:
while self.pipe_in.poll():
request = self.pipe_in.recv()
method = request[0]
args = request[1:]
try:
getattr(self, method + "_callback")(*args)
except AttributeError as ae:
print("Unknown callback received from pipe", str(ae))
print("Process 2 done with receiving")
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass
def hello_callback(self):
print("Process 1 said hello")
class Controller(object):
def __init__(self):
pipe_proc1_out, pipe_proc2_in = Pipe()
self.proc1 = Process(
target=Process1,
args=(pipe_proc1_out, )
)
self.proc2 = Process(
target=Process2,
args=(pipe_proc2_in, )
)
def run(self):
try:
self.proc1.start()
self.proc2.start()
while True:
continue
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("Quitting processes...")
self.proc1.join(1)
if self.proc1.is_alive():
self.proc1.terminate()
self.proc2.join(1)
if self.proc2.is_alive():
self.proc2.terminate()
print("Finished")
def pipes():
c = Controller()
c.run()
if __name__ == "__main__":
pipes()
我有一个Controller
实例,它一直运行到收到键盘中断。它还处理Process1
和Process2
两个进程,前者不断发送,后者不断接收。
上面的代码是一个更大的项目的框架,涉及复杂的图形用户界面(PySide)、图像处理(OpenCV)和游戏引擎(Panda3D)。因此,我尝试将Tkinter添加为一个图形用户界面示例:
from multiprocessing import Process, Pipe
import tkinter as tk
class Process1(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, pipe_out):
self.pipe_out = pipe_out
self.setup_gui()
self.run()
def setup_gui(self):
self.app = tk.Tk()
lb1 = tk.Label(self.app, text="Message:")
lb1.pack()
self.ent1 = tk.Entry(self.app)
self.ent1.pack()
btn1 = tk.Button(self.app, text="Say hello to other process",
command=self.btn1_clicked)
btn1.pack()
def btn1_clicked(self):
msg = self.ent1.get()
self.pipe_out.send(["hello", msg])
def run(self):
try:
self.app.mainloop()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass
class Process2(object):
def __init__(self, pipe_in):
self.pipe_in = pipe_in
self.run()
def run(self):
try:
while self.pipe_in.poll():
request = self.pipe_in.recv()
method = request[0]
args = request[1:]
try:
getattr(self, method + "_callback")(*args)
except AttributeError as ae:
print("Unknown callback received from pipe", str(ae))
print("Process 2 done with receiving")
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass
def hello_callback(self, msg):
print("Process 1 say"" + msg + """)
class Controller(object):
def __init__(self):
pipe_proc1_out, pipe_proc2_in = Pipe()
self.proc1 = Process(
target=Process1,
args=(pipe_proc1_out, )
)
self.proc2 = Process(
target=Process2,
args=(pipe_proc2_in, )
)
def run(self):
try:
self.proc1.start()
self.proc2.start()
while True:
continue
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("Quitting processes...")
self.proc1.join(1)
if self.proc1.is_alive():
self.proc1.terminate()
self.proc2.join(1)
if self.proc2.is_alive():
self.proc2.terminate()
print("Finished")
def pipes():
c = Controller()
c.run()
if __name__ == "__main__":
pipes()
请注意,当前仅当父级进程通过键盘中断时,才能关闭Tkinter窗口。
每当我单击该按钮并调用该按钮的命令时,我的程序进入错误状态,并显示以下消息:
Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:UsersUSERAnaconda3envsTHSlib kinter\__init__.py", line 1705, in __call__
return self.func(*args)
File "C:UsersUSERPycharmProjectsPythonPlaygroundpipes_advanced.py", line 26, in btn1_clicked
self.pipe_out.send(["hello", 1, 2])
File "C:UsersUSERAnaconda3envsTHSlibmultiprocessingconnection.py", line 206, in send
self._send_bytes(_ForkingPickler.dumps(obj))
File "C:UsersUSERAnaconda3envsTHSlibmultiprocessingconnection.py", line 280, in _send_bytes
ov, err = _winapi.WriteFile(self._handle, buf, overlapped=True)
BrokenPipeError: [WinError 232] The pipe is being closed
起初我认为问题出在我从Entry.get()
调用中收到的值(我的Tkinter技能已经生疏)。我打印了msg
并从小工具中获得了文本。
接下来我尝试将一个常量字符串作为通过管道发送的参数的值:
def btn1_clicked(self):
self.pipe_out.send(["hello", "world"])
出现相同的错误。捕获异常BrokenPipeError
实际上对我没有任何好处(我想除非我想要处理管道破裂的情况)。
如果我对程序的第一个版本(没有Tkinter)执行相同的操作,它就可以工作。这让我相信,我的问题来自于我整合Tkinter的方式。
推荐答案
您的问题是轮询管道,但documentation显示:
轮询([超时])
返回是否有可供读取的数据。
如果未指定超时,则它将立即返回。
在第一个示例中,它之所以有效,是因为当启动Process1
时,您会立即将数据发送到管道:
def run(self):
try:
while True:
print("Sending message to process 2")
self.pipe_out.send(["hello"])
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass
并持续执行此操作,以便.poll
将返回True
,并且Process2
中的循环将继续。
tkinter
一样,不会立即将任何内容发送到管道,它会等待用户单击按钮,当可能发生任何一种情况时,Process2
已经调用了poll
,它立即返回False
,但它甚至没有启动该循环。如果您注意到了,那么它也几乎立即在终端中打印
";进程2已完成接收
要解决这个问题,似乎最简单的方法是
while self.pipe_in.poll(None):
根据文档,哪个意思是
如果超时为None,则使用无限超时。
对于像用户界面这样的东西,这似乎是最合适的(至少从用户的角度来看(或者我认为是这样)),所以基本上run
中的run
方法应该如下所示:
def run(self):
try:
while self.pipe_in.poll(None):
request = self.pipe_in.recv()
method = request[0]
args = request[1:]
try:
getattr(self, method + "_callback")(*args)
except AttributeError as ae:
print("Unknown callback received from pipe", str(ae))
print("Process 2 done with receiving")
except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):
pass
也与问题无关,但似乎没有必要继承Process1
中的tk.Frame
(或Process2
中的object
(除非您真的需要使其与Python2兼容)),您几乎可以继承自tk.Tk
,这应该更容易将其实际用作主窗口,因为self
将是Tk
实例
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