问题描述

我正在尝试运行一些 Android 测试，但是编译器抱怨存在多个 dex 文件.

I'm trying to run some Android tests, however, the compiler complains that multiple dex files exist.

Multiple dex files define Lorg/hamcrest/MatcherAssert;

所以我正在尝试过滤重复的依赖项: $ ./gradlew -q dependencies app:dependencies --configuration androidTestCompile

So I'm trying to filter duplicated dependencies: $ ./gradlew -q dependencies app:dependencies --configuration androidTestCompile

但是我得到以下输出:

------------------------------------------------------------
Project :app
------------------------------------------------------------

androidTestCompile - Classpath for compiling the androidTest sources.
+--- org.mockito:mockito-core:1.9.5
|    +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1 -> 1.3
|    --- org.objenesis:objenesis:1.0 -> 2.1
+--- com.google.dexmaker:dexmaker-mockito:1.2
|    +--- com.google.dexmaker:dexmaker:1.2
|    --- org.mockito:mockito-core:1.9.5 (*)
+--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.0
|    +--- com.squareup:javawriter:2.1.1
|    +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-integration:1.1
|    |    --- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1 -> 1.3
|    +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.1
|    |    --- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1 -> 1.3
|    +--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1
|    +--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:2.0
|    +--- com.android.support.test:testing-support-lib:0.1
|    |    --- junit:junit-dep:4.10
|    |         --- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1 -> 1.3
|    +--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:2.0.1
|    +--- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.2
|    --- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1 -> 1.3
+--- com.android.support.test:testing-support-lib:0.1 (*)
+--- org.powermock:powermock-module-junit4:1.5.6
|    +--- junit:junit:4.11
|    |    --- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3
|    --- org.powermock:powermock-module-junit4-common:1.5.6
|         +--- junit:junit:4.4 -> 4.11 (*)
|         +--- org.powermock:powermock-core:1.5.6
|         |    +--- org.powermock:powermock-reflect:1.5.6
|         |    |    --- org.objenesis:objenesis:2.1
|         |    --- org.javassist:javassist:3.18.2-GA
|         --- org.powermock:powermock-reflect:1.5.6 (*)
--- org.powermock:powermock-api-mockito:1.5.6
     --- org.powermock:powermock-api-support:1.5.6
          +--- org.powermock:powermock-core:1.5.6 (*)
          --- org.powermock:powermock-reflect:1.5.6 (*)

(*) - dependencies omitted (listed previously)

我对箭头 (->) 的含义感到困惑.它们是什么意思?

I'm confused as what the arrows (->) mean. What do they mean?

推荐答案

表示依赖图包含多个依赖关系，group和module相同，但版本不同，例如:org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core.Gradle 尝试自动解决冲突的版本 - 默认情况下选择最新版本.-> 的左侧是请求的版本，右侧是将选择的版本.这里可以找到类似的问题.

It means that dependency graph contains multiple dependencies with the same group and module but different versions for e.g. org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core. Gradle tries to resolve conflicted versions automatically - by default the latest version is chosen. On the left side of -> is the requested version, on the right the version that will be picked. Here similar question can be found.

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