I strongly suspect the problem here is that the instance of db that you are creating in __init__.py is unaware of the contents of models.py, including the User class. The db object in __init__.py is a totally separate object from the db you are creating in models.py. So when you run db.create_all() in __init__.py, it is checking the list of tables that it knows about and isn't finding any. I ran into this exact issue.

我发现模型(如 User)已注册到模型类定义中列出的特定 db 对象(例如 class User(db.Model):).

What I discovered is that the models (like User) are registered with the particular db object that is listed in the model's class definition (e.g. class User(db.Model):).

所以基本上我的理解是解决这个问题的方法是使用用于定义模型的 db 的相同实例运行 db.create_all().换句话说，从 models.py 中运行 db.create_all().

So basically my understanding is that the way to fix this is to run db.create_all() using the same instance of db that is being used to define the models. In other words, run db.create_all() from within models.py.

这是我的代码，所以你可以看到我是如何设置的:

Here's my code so you can see how I have it set up:

app.py:

#!flask/bin/python
import os

from flask import Flask


class CustomFlask(Flask):
    jinja_options = Flask.jinja_options.copy()
    jinja_options.update(dict(
        variable_start_string='%%',  # Default is '{{', I'm changing this because Vue.js uses '{{' / '}}'
        variable_end_string='%%',
    ))
app = CustomFlask(__name__)

app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'hard to guess string'

import yaml
if os.environ['SERVER_ENVIRONMENT'] == 'PRODUCTION':
    config_filename = "production.yaml"
elif os.environ['SERVER_ENVIRONMENT'] == 'LOCAL':
    config_filename = "local.yaml"
else:
    config_filename = "local.yaml"

base_directory = path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))

with open(base_directory + "/config/" + config_filename) as config_file:
    config = yaml.load(config_file)

db_config = config['database']
SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = "mysql+mysqlconnector://{username}:{password}@{hostname}/{databasename}".format(
    username=db_config['username'],
    password=db_config['password'],
    hostname=db_config['hostname'],
    databasename=db_config['databasename'],
)
app.config["SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI"] = SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI
app.config["SQLALCHEMY_POOL_RECYCLE"] = 299

from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
db = SQLAlchemy(app)
db.app = app


def clear_the_template_cache():
    app.jinja_env.cache = {}

app.before_request(clear_the_template_cache)

from flask_login import LoginManager
login_manager = LoginManager()
login_manager.init_app(app)


@login_manager.user_loader
def load_user(email):
    from models import User
    return User.query.filter_by(email=email).first()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    from routes import web_routes
    app.register_blueprint(web_routes)

    from api import api
    app.register_blueprint(api)

    # To get PyCharm's debugger to work, you need to have "debug=False, threaded=True"
    #app.run(debug=False, threaded=True)
    app.run(debug=True)

models.py:

from app import db

import datetime
from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash, 
     check_password_hash


class Song(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(80))
    datetime_created = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow())
    user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
    lines = db.relationship('Line', cascade="all,delete", backref=db.backref('song', lazy='joined'), lazy='dynamic')
    is_deleted = db.Column(db.Boolean, default=False)


class Line(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
    song_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('song.id'))
    spans_of_time = db.relationship('SpanOfTime', cascade="all,delete", backref=db.backref('line', lazy='joined'), lazy='dynamic')


class SpanOfTime(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
    line_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('line.id'))
    starting_64th = db.Column(db.Integer)  # I'm assuming the highest-granularity desired will be a 1/64th note-length.
    length = db.Column(db.Integer)  # I guess this'll be in 1/64th notes, so a 1/16th note will be '4'.
    content = db.Column(db.String(80))


class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(80), primary_key=True, unique=True)
    display_name = db.Column(db.String(80), default="A Rhymecraft User")
    password_hash = db.Column(db.String(200))
    datetime_subscription_valid_until = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow() - datetime.timedelta(days=1))
    datetime_joined = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.datetime.utcnow())
    songs = db.relationship('Song', cascade="all,delete", backref=db.backref('user', lazy='joined'), lazy='dynamic')

    def __init__(self, email, password):
        self.email = email
        self.set_password(password)

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<User %r>' % self.email

    def set_password(self, password):
        self.password_hash = generate_password_hash(password)

    def check_password(self, password):
        return check_password_hash(self.password_hash, password)

    def is_authenticated(self):
        return True

    def is_active(self):
        return True

    def is_anonymous(self):
        return False

    def get_id(self):
        return str(self.email)


def init_db():
    db.create_all()

    # Create a test user
    new_user = User('a@a.com', 'aaaaaaaa')
    new_user.display_name = 'Nathan'
    db.session.add(new_user)
    db.session.commit()

    new_user.datetime_subscription_valid_until = datetime.datetime(2019, 1, 1)
    db.session.commit()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    init_db()

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