问题描述

我现在已经四处寻找解决这个问题的方法.我找到了几种可以解决它的方法，但老实说，我没有意识到哪些方法会被认为是正确的"C# 或 OOP 解决方法.我的目标不仅是解决问题，而且是制定一套好的代码标准，我相当确定有一个标准的方法来处理这个问题.

I have looked around some now to find a solution to this problem. I found several ways that could solve it but to be honest I didn't realize which of the ways that would be considered the "right" C# or OOP way of solving it. My goal is not only to solve the problems but also to develop a good set of code standards and I'm fairly sure there's a standard way to handle this problem.

假设我有 2 种类型的打印机硬件，它们各自的类和通信方式:PrinterType1、PrinterType2.

Let's say I have 2 types of printer hardwares with their respective classes and ways of communicating: PrinterType1, PrinterType2.

如果需要，我还希望以后能够添加另一种类型.抽象的一步，它们有很多共同点.作为示例，应该可以向它们中的每一个发送一个字符串.它们都有共同的变量和每个类独有的变量.(例如，一个通过 COM 端口通信并具有这样的对象，而另一个通过 TCP 通信并具有这样的对象).

I would also like to be able to later on add another type if neccessary. One step up in abstraction those have much in common. It should be possible to send a string to each one of them as an example. They both have variables in common and variables unique to each class. (One for instance communicates via COM-port and has such an object, while the other one communicates via TCP and has such an object).

然而，我只想实现所有这些打印机的列表，并且能够通过列表并在所有打印机上执行发送(字符串消息)"，无论类型如何.我还想访问两个对象都相同的变量，例如PrinterList[0].Name"，但是我也想在某些地方访问特定于对象本身的数据(例如在为一个对象设置 COM 端口名称而为另一个对象设置 IP/端口号的应用程序.

I would however like to just implement a List of all those printers and be able to go through the list and perform things as "Send(string message)" on all Printers regardless of type. I would also like to access variables like "PrinterList[0].Name" that are the same for both objects, however I would also at some places like to access data that is specific to the object itself (For instance in the settings window of the application where the COM-port name is set for one object and the IP/port number for another).

所以，简而言之:

共同点:

• 姓名
• 发送()

特定于 PrinterType1:

Specific to PrinterType1:

• 端口

特定于 PrinterType2:

Specific to PrinterType2:

• 知识产权

例如，我希望对所有对象执行 Send()，而不管对象的类型和存在的对象数量.

And I wish to, for instance, do Send() on all objects regardless of type and the number of objects present.

我已经阅读了多态性、泛型、接口等方面的内容，但我想知道在我看来基本的问题通常如何在 C#(和/或一般的 OOP)中处理.

I've read about polymorphism, Generics, interfaces and such, but I would like to know how this, in my eyes basic, problem typically would be dealt with in C# (and/or OOP in general).

我确实尝试过创建一个基类，但对我来说似乎不太合适.例如，我在基类本身中没有使用字符串发送(字符串消息)"函数.那么，当我一开始就永远不会使用基类中的函数时，为什么还要在派生类中定义一个需要重写的函数呢?

I actually did try to make a base class, but it didn't quite seem right to me. For instance I have no use of a "string Send(string Message)" function in the base class itself. So why would I define one there that needs to be overridden in the derived classes when I would never use the function in the base class ever in the first place?

我真的很感谢任何答案.这里的人似乎知识渊博，这个地方早些时候为我提供了许多解决方案.现在我终于有了一个可以回答和投票的帐户.

I'm really thankful for any answers. People around here seem very knowledgeable and this place has provided me with many solutions earlier. Now I finally have an account to answer and vote with too.

另外解释一下，我还希望能够访问实际打印机类型的对象.例如 PrinterType1 中的 Port 变量，它是一个 SerialPort 对象.我想像这样访问它:PrinterList[0].Port.Open()

To additionally explain, I would also like to be able to access the objects of the actual printertype. For instance the Port variable in PrinterType1 which is a SerialPort object. I would like to access it like: PrinterList[0].Port.Open()

并可以访问底层端口的全部功能.同时，我想调用对不同对象以相同方式工作的通用函数(但具有不同的实现):

and have access to the full range of functionality of the underlaying port. At the same time I would like to call generic functions that work in the same way for the different objects (but with different implementations):

foreach (printer in Printers)
    printer.Send(message)

推荐答案

使用接口的伪示例.

public interface IPrinter
{
   void Send();
   string Name { get; }
}

public class PrinterType1 : IPrinter
{
  public void Send() { /* send logic here */ }
  public string Name { get { return "PrinterType1"; } }
}

public class PrinterType2 : IPrinter
{
  public void Send() { /* send logic here */ }
  public string Name { get { return "Printertype2"; } }

  public string IP { get { return "10.1.1.1"; } }
}


// ...
// then to use it
var printers = new List<IPrinter>();

printers.Add(new PrinterType1());
printers.Add(new PrinterType2());

foreach(var p in printers)
{
  p.Send();

  var p2 = p as PrinterType2;

  if(p2 != null) // it's a PrinterType2... cast succeeded
    Console.WriteLine(p2.IP);
}

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