问题描述
我有一个基类
public class A
{
public string s1;
public string s2;
}
我也有一个派生类:
public class B : A
{
public string s3;
}
假设我的程序创建了一个类 A 的实例.
Suppose my program created an instance of class A.
A aClassInstance = new A();
设置了一些参数:
aClassInstance.s1 = "string 1";
aClassInstance.s2 = "string 2";
此时我想创建一个 B 类的实例.但我希望 B 已经拥有我的 A 类实例的值.
At this point I would like to create an instance of class B. But I would like B to already have the values of my instance of class A.
这不起作用:
public B bClassInstance = new B():
bClassInstance = (B)aClassInstance;
没有这样做:
在 A 类中创建了一个克隆方法.
Made a clone method within Class A.
public B cloneA() {
A a = new A();
a = (A)this.MemberwiseClone()
return(B)a;
}
VS 代码采用上述两种方式 - 但我遇到运行时错误
The VS code takes both of the above - but I get run-time errors
请帮忙
推荐答案
您遇到的基本问题是,您必须构造一个 B
类型的实例(其中包含原因类型的属性A
).您克隆 A
实例的方法不起作用,因为这会为您提供 A
类型的实例,您无法将其转换为 B
.
The base problem you have is, that you have to construct an instance of type B
(which contains of cause the properties of type A
). Your approach to clone an A
instance won't work, because that gives you an instance of type A
, which you can't convert to B
.
我会为 A 类和 B 类编写构造函数,它接受 A 类型的参数.B 类的构造函数只是将值传递给它的基类 A.A 类的构造函数知道如何将字段复制到自身:
I would write constructors for class A and B which takes a parameter of type A. The constructor of class B just passes the value to its base class A. The constructor of class A knows how to copy the fields to itself:
class A {
public A(A copyMe) {
s1 = copyMe.s1;
...
}
class B : A {
public B(A aInstance) : base(aInstance) {
}
}
这样使用:
A a = new A();
a.s1 = "...";
B b = new B(a);
编辑
当您不想在添加新字段或道具时更改 A
的构造函数时,可以使用反射来复制属性.使用自定义属性来装饰您要复制的内容,或仅复制 A
的所有道具/字段:
When you don't want to have to change the constructor of A
when adding new fields or props, you could use reflection to copy the properties. Either use a custom attribute to decorate what you want to copy, or copy just all props/fields of A
:
public A (A copyMe) {
Type t = copyMe.GetType();
foreach (FieldInfo fieldInf in t.GetFields())
{
fieldInf.SetValue(this, fieldInf.GetValue(copyMe));
}
foreach (PropertyInfo propInf in t.GetProperties())
{
propInf.SetValue(this, propInf.GetValue(copyMe));
}
}
我没有尝试过代码,但重点应该很清楚了.
I havn't tried the code, but the point should become clear.
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