问题描述
openmp 编译有问题.
I have a problem about the openmp compiling.
如下代码:
#include <iostream>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <omp.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <stack>
using namespace std;
sem_t empty,full;
stack<int> stk;
void produce(int i)
{
{
sem_wait(&empty);
cout<<"produce "<<i*i<<endl;
stk.push(i*i);
sem_post(&full);
}
}
void consume1(int &x)
{
sem_wait(&full);
int data=stk.top();
stk.pop();
x=data;
sem_post(&empty);
}
void consume2()
{
sem_wait(&full);
int data=stk.top();
stk.pop();
cout<<"consume2 "<<data<<endl;
sem_post(&empty);
}
int main()
{
sem_init(&empty,0,1);
sem_init(&full,0,0);
pthread_t t1,t2,t3;
omp_set_num_threads(3);
int TID=0;
#pragma omp parallel private(TID)
{
TID=omp_get_thread_num();
if(TID==0)
{
cout<<"There are "<<omp_get_num_threads()<<" threads"<<endl;
for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
produce(i);
}
else if(TID==1)
{
int x;
while(true)
{
consume1(x);
cout<<"consume1 "<<x<<endl;
}
}
else if(TID==2)
{
int x;
while(true)
{
consume1(x);
cout<<"consume2 "<<x<<endl;
}
}
}
return 0;
}
首先，我使用以下代码编译它:
Firstly, I compile it using:
g++ test.cpp -fopenmp -lpthread
而且，我得到了正确的答案，总共有 3 个线程.
And, I got the right answer, there are 3 threads totally.
但是，当我这样编译时:
But, when I do the compile like this:
g++ -c test.cpp -o test.o
g++ test.o -o test -fopenmp -lpthread
只有一个线程.
任何人都可以告诉我如何正确编译这段代码.提前谢谢你.
Anyone can tell me how to compile this code correctly. Thankyou in advance.
推荐答案
OpenMP 是一组代码转换 pragma，即它们只在编译时应用.您不能将代码转换应用于已编译的目标代码(好吧，您可以，但它涉及的过程要多得多，并且超出了当今大多数编译器所做的范围).您在链接阶段需要 -fopenmp 仅用于编译器自动链接 OpenMP 运行时库 libgomp - 它对目标代码没有任何其他作用.
OpenMP is a set of code transforming pragmas, i.e. they are only applied at compile time. You cannot apply code transformation to an already compiled object code (ok, you can, but it is far more involving process and outside the scope of what most compilers do these days). You need -fopenmp during the link phase only for the compiler to automatically link the OpenMP runtime library libgomp - it does nothing else to the object code.
附带说明，虽然技术上是正确的，但您的代码以非常非 OpenMP 的方式执行 OpenMP.首先，您重新实现了 OpenMP sections 构造.main 函数中的并行区域可以用更 OpenMP 的方式重写:
On a side note, although techically correct, your code does OpenMP in a very non-OpenMP way. First, you have reimplemented the OpenMP sections construct. The parallel region in your main function could be rewritten in a more OpenMP way:
#pragma omp parallel sections
{
#pragma omp section
{
cout<<"There are "<<omp_get_num_threads()<<" threads"<<endl;
for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
produce(i);
}
#pragma omp section
{
int x;
while(true)
{
consume1(x);
cout<<"consume1 "<<x<<endl;
}
}
#pragma omp section
{
int x;
while(true)
{
consume1(x);
cout<<"consume2 "<<x<<endl;
}
}
}
(如果您在使用超过三个 OpenMP 线程运行此代码时得到 SIGILL，则您遇到了 GCC 中的错误，将在即将发布的版本中修复)
(if you get SIGILL while running this code with more than three OpenMP threads, you have encountered a bug in GCC, that will be fixed in the upcoming release)
其次，您可能想看看 OpenMP task 构造.使用它，您可以将代码段排队，以由任何空闲线程作为任务同时执行.不幸的是，它需要一个支持 OpenMP 3.0 的编译器，这从等式中排除了 MSVC++，但前提是您关心 Windows 的可移植性(您显然不关心，因为您使用的是 POSIX 线程).
Second, you might want to take a look at OpenMP task construct. With it you can queue pieces of code to be executed concurrently as tasks by any idle thread. Unfortunately it requires a compiler which supports OpenMP 3.0, which rules out MSVC++ from the equation, but only if you care about portability to Windows (and you obviously don't, because you are using POSIX threads).
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