问题描述

我正在尝试在 Ubuntu 16.04 上调试一个简单的hello world"C++ 程序，但 gdb 无法识别可执行文件格式.但是，我能够在命令行上成功运行可执行文件.这是代码

I am trying to debug a simple "hello world" C++ program on Ubuntu 16.04 but gdb is not able to recognize the executable file format. However, I am able to successfully run the executable on the command line. Here is the code

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    cout << "!!!Hello World!!!" << endl; // prints !!!Hello World!!!
    return 0;
}

我使用命令编译程序文件TestProject.cpp

I compile the program file TestProject.cpp using the command

g++ -g TestProject.cpp -o hello

然后调试，我给命令

gdb ./hello

我收到以下错误消息

GNU gdb (Ubuntu 7.11.1-0ubuntu1~16.5) 7.11.1
Copyright (C) 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.  Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "i686-linux-gnu".
Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.
For help, type "help".
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...
"/home/<home>/./hello": not in executable format: File format not recognized

Ubuntu 机器似乎有问题.因为我可以在另一个 Ubuntu 16.04 虚拟机上调试相同的程序.

Something seems to be corrupt with the Ubuntu machine. Because I am able to debug the same program on another Ubuntu 16.04 virtual machine.

推荐答案

几乎肯定 ks1322 的评论是正确的:

It is almost certain that ks1322's comment is correct one:

1. 您已安装 64 位 GCC，因此您的 ./hello 是 64 位二进制文​​件(使用 file ./hello 确认).
2. 您只安装了 32 位 GDB，因此它不知道如何调试 x86_64 二进制文件.

1. You've installed a 64-bit GCC, so your ./hello is a 64-bit binary (use file ./hello to confirm).
2. You've installed a 32-bit only GDB, so it doesn't know how to debug x86_64 binaries.

修复很简单:安装 64 位 GDB(能够调试 32 位和 64 位二进制文​​件)，或在 32 位模式下构建 hello(使用 g++ -m32 ...).

The fix is simple: install 64-bit GDB (which is capable of debugging both 32 and 64-bit binaries), or build hello in 32-bit mode (with g++ -m32 ...).

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